Thomas Brackett Reed Maine Congressman

 

Thomas Brackett Reed served as Speaker of the House twice, from 1889 to 1891 and again from 1895 to 1899. Early in his first term, he introduced the Reed Rules, a set of procedural changes that transformed the way the House operated. These rules allowed the Speaker to count members present in the chamber, even if they didn’t vote. This put an end to the disappearing quorum, which had stalled many legislative efforts, and gave the majority party more control over the legislative process.

 

Reed’s reforms were controversial, earning him the nickname “Czar Reed” from critics who thought he had too much power. However, his changes made the House more efficient, helping it run smoothly. The Reed Rules solidified the Speaker’s role as a key player in managing the legislative agenda and curbing obstructionist tactics.

 

Reed was also known for his sharp wit and firm control over the House. He strongly supported protective tariffs and frequently clashed with President Grover Cleveland over free trade. Reed believed tariffs were necessary to protect American industries and maintain economic stability.

 

During his time as Speaker, he championed important Republican legislation. This included pension bills for Civil War veterans and funding for internal improvements. He also played a key role in passing the McKinley Tariff Act of 1890, which raised tariffs to protect domestic manufacturers.

 

He opposed U.S. expansionism, including the annexation of Hawaii and the Spanish-American War. His strong anti-imperialist views eventually led him to resign from Congress in 1899, as he could no longer support President McKinley’s policies.

 

Although Reed left politics, his influence on the House lasted long after. His reforms strengthened the Speaker’s role and set a standard for how the legislative body would operate. Reed’s legacy helped empower the majority to govern more effectively while keeping obstructionism in check.