Nicholas II, The Last Czar of Russia

 

Czar Nicholas II’s reign was marked by growing unrest and revolution.

At first, Russians saw him as a kind, family-loving ruler, but his poor handling of crises turned people against him. The Russo-Japanese War and Bloody Sunday weakened people’s confidence in him.

Nicholas resisted political reforms, keeping absolute power to himself. He created the Duma, then ignored its advice. As a result, workers, peasants, and soldiers grew frustrated with his rule.

Russia suffered heavy losses during World War I. Food shortages and protests spread.

In 1917, revolution forced him to abdicate. The Czar and his family were placed under house arrest. In 1918, the Bolsheviks executed them, ending the Romanov dynasty.

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